Government

India National Symbols of India:

1). Flag : Tricolour
2). Emblem : Sarnath Lion Capital
3). Anthem : Jana Gana Mana
4). Song : Vande Mataram
5). Animal : Royal Bengal Tiger
6). Bird : Indian Peacock
7). Aquatic animal : Dolphin
8). Flower : Lotus
9). Tree : Banyan
10). Fruit : Mango
11). Sport : Field hockey
12). Calendar : Saka
13). River : Ganges



India is a federation with a parliamentary form of government, governed under the Constitution of India.[85] It is a constitutional republic and representative democracy, "in which majority rule is tempered by minority rights protected by law." Federalism in India defines the power distribution between the centre and the states. The government is regulated by a checks and balances defined by Indian Constitution, which serves as the country's supreme legal document.

The Constitution of India came into force on 26 January 1950.[86] The preamble of the constitution defines India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic.[87] India has a bicameral parliament operating under a Westminster-style parliamentary system. Its form of government was traditionally described as being 'quasi-federal' with a strong centre and weaker states,[88] but it has grown increasingly federal since the late 1990s as a result of political, economic and social changes.[89]

The President of India is the head of state[90] elected indirectly by an electoral college[91] for a five-year term.[92][93] The Prime Minister is the head of government and exercises most executive power.[90] Appointed by the President,[94] the Prime Minister is by convention supported by the party or political alliance holding the majority of seats in the lower house of Parliament.[90] The executive branch consists of the President, Vice-President, and the Council of Ministers (the Cabinet being its executive committee) headed by the Prime Minister. Any minister holding a portfolio must be a member of either house of parliament. In the Indian parliamentary system, the executive is subordinate to the legislature, with the Prime Minister and his Council being directly responsible to the lower house of the Parliament.[95]

The Legislature of India is the bicameral Parliament, which consists of the upper house called the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and the lower house called the Lok Sabha (House of People).[96] The Rajya Sabha, a permanent body, has 245 members serving staggered six year terms.[97] Most are elected indirectly by the state and territorial legislatures in proportion to the state's population.[97] 543 of the Lok Sabha's 545 members are directly elected by popular vote to represent individual constituencies for five year terms.[97] The other two members are nominated by the President from the Anglo-Indian community if the President is of the opinion that the community is not adequately represented.[97]